Passage from Lolita Essay

Childhood is a time of freedom, excitement, new sensations, and joy. The sensations of childhood are experiences everyone on the planet goes through, and naturally some people find themselves wishfully reminiscing on these feelings. Such sensations are examined in depth in Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita. The provided passage poignantly addresses this issue. While on its surface it appears to be merely a mellifluously worded memoir, it is actually a cleverly disguised commentary on the desire for the childhood experience. Though this is not immediately obvious, close examination of the diction of the passage reveals the central message. Nabokov includes words that accomplish several things, including evoking the magical, beautiful nature of childhood, making emotional sensations such as desire more tangible, and implying the finality of events past. Ultimately, Nabokov shows that although the sensations of childhood might be desirable, they are trapped inaccessibly in the past , no matter what one’s feelings might be. The first thing Nabokov sets out to do is establish the fantastical, magical, exciting, wonderful nature of childhood. He achieves this most notably through his careful word choice. The passage is sprinkled with words that call to mind innocence, magic, and excitement. Some words and sections, such as â€Å"nervous,† â€Å"low stone wall,† â€Å"tender,† â€Å"slender,† and â€Å"playing cards,† serve merely to establish a tone of a childish nature. â€Å"Nervous† calls to mind the tentative, curious nature of a child, while â€Å"tender,† and â€Å"slender,† both describe certain aspects of childhood that are relatively omnipresent throughout society. â€Å"Low stone wall,† and â€Å"playing cards,† each serve as examples of those things which children might enjoy. This idea of childhood is evolved further through the use of such words as â€Å"magic,† â€Å"glitter,† â€Å"fateful,† â€Å"co mplex,† â€Å"boundless,† â€Å"arabesques,† and â€Å"colored inks.† These words imply the fantastic, beautiful, and wondrous world a child experiences. The combination of these two related categories serves to demonstrate the breathtaking, brilliant set of experiences that childhood comprises of. In addition to describing childhood’s emotional makeup, Nabokov also characterizes more adult emotions such as regret, longing, and desire bordering on lust. He does this also through his diction. The eventual effect of this is a perception of the desire Nabokov’s narrator has for childhood, those ephemeral, magnificent, awesome years of everyone’s life. Significant words used to achieve this are â€Å"miserable,† â€Å"desire,† â€Å"cravings,† â€Å"motives,† â€Å"actions,† â€Å"visualized,† and â€Å"sensitive.† The words â€Å"desire† and â€Å"cravings† both serve to almost literally describe the emotional attachment Nabokov’s narrator has to childhood, while â€Å"miserable,† â€Å"sensitive,† and â€Å"visualized† tend to bring to mind a feeling of dejection and regret. In essence, the combination of these words implies the desire the narrator feels for childhood a nd its sensations; it is deep, longing, and regretful. Indeed, the regret stems from the sensation that it is something lost, locked away in the past; this is the final major connection Nabokov uses diction to communicate. To complete the statement of his message, Nabokov, through his diction, also evokes knowledge of the sensation of something that is irrevocably, impossibly, inaccessibly in the past. The ultimate effect of this final metaphorical revelation is the communication of Nabokov’s true message; that although the sensations of childhood may be good and desirable, they are forever locked in the past, inaccessible to those in the present. The words Nabokov uses to demonstrate this include â€Å"memories,† â€Å"remote,† â€Å"retrospective,† â€Å"past,† and â€Å"memory.† All of these words, particularly when taken together, rather vividly demonstrate the inaccessibility of the past. â€Å"Memories† are that which we know but are in some fundamental way lost forever, always â€Å"remote† and viewed only as â€Å"retrospective.† They are locked in the â€Å"past.† When this image is combined with the other two Nabokov so cle arly integrates into the passage, we obtain the final, big picture; that although one might experience desire for their or others’ childhood, the past is gone and ultimately cannot be regained. Childhood represents a time in every person’s life when they can be carefree and happy. Nabokov has made childhood and the desire for such sensations the central theme of his novel Lolita. This is particularly apparent in the passage provided through his use of diction to imply sensations such as childhood at its base, the magical, fantastic nature of childhood, desire and longing, and the inaccessibility of the past. His central message is simple, but sad; although one might desire the sensations of childhood, childhood is ultimately past; forgone and totally, completely inaccessible.

Motivations to become police officers Essay

An individual’s motivational reason for wanting to become a police officer does not really differ from person to person. According to a survey given to male and female officers asking what drove them towards a career in law enforcement, they all had similar responses. The majority of the answers these officers gave were the ability to help people, fight crime, have and exciting job, and job security. Contrary to belief, officers have little or no interest in joining just to cause harm or use excessive force on citizens. (Walker, 2011, Pg 128) One of the top reasons an individual wants to become a police officer is the high level of job security the job offers. Officers are rarely fired from their jobs because of the civil service rules and union contracts. If an officer faces termination from unjust reasons they are given the opportunity to appeal the situation and possibly save their job. Perform the Internet Exercise on page 184. Answer the questions posed. Out of the options given, I chose to look up NLPOA and IAWP. The NLPOA stands for National Latino Peace Officers Association. They represent Latin American officers in the police force. They work to promote equality and professionalism in law enforcement. The NLPOA works closely with communities to prove citizenship programs, mentor programs, elementary school reading programs and training programs for people interested in careers in law enforcement. IAWP stands for International Association of Women Police. They represent women in law enforcement. Their mission is to strengthen, unite and raise the profile of women in criminal justice. They vision women’s lives to be free from discrimination, that they are valued for their contribution, and treated with respect and dignity. They work towards embracing diversity and improving women’s ability to excel in the criminal justice field. Describe the relationship between a police officer’s attitudes and behaviors. The relationship between a police officer’s attitude and their behavior differs greatly. It is believed that officers who make raciest statements or any prejudice remarks will automatically treat those people different and use excessive force. This is not the case. Officers’ actions are strictly observed, and the way an officer acts during an arrest can make or break his case against the individual. If an officer uses force when no force was needed a few things will most likely happen. The case itself can be thrown out due to improper actions and lack of evidence, and the citizen in question could press charges on the officer and department. This adds negative attention to the officer and department, often leading to the officer being fired.

Amtrak Tech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amtrak Tech - Essay Example In the recent years, there has been a vast progress in the field of technology. The command of technology on economic development has emerged to be inevitable all over the international arena. Technology of a company consists of two basic types of technologies, i.e. hard and soft technologies which are categorized on the basis of the sources. For instance, the sources of technologies which are identified to be education oriented, system oriented, and network oriented can be referred as soft technologies. Soft technologies can be categorized according to its application field also. In the similar context, hard technologies are categorized as those which are developed with the application of natural science and are allied with the physical world (Jin, 2002). Both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ technologies are used for managing the teams of launched national as well as global products in Amtrak Tech. Hard technology deals with the electronic means used in the communication process that focuses on making use of fax machines, computers, digital coders and decoders along with various defense equipments; whereas, soft technology is the logical technology that surrounds an individual such as technological intelligences along with institutional mechanisms possessed by its employees worldwide (Amtrak Technologies, n.d.). However, it is worth mentioning that there are a few barriers that affect the technology implementations in Amtrak Tech. Lack of vision is often regarded as the first barrier where the company fails to adopt new technologies from a futuristic point of view. It is in this context that leadership quality needs to be maintained at a regular basis. Inadequate availability of the required funds can also be identified as an important barrier to technology. Hence, Amtrak Tech should always check for the availability of funds in order to grow towards technology advancements. The infrastructure of the company is also quite important in this respect. There

Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Blog - Essay Example In the interim, I discover the expression "Slave" being hash to use in this case thus since, the term is utilized to allude to individuals instead of mechanical and gadgets since a robot is true sense is a machine equipped for doing a complex arrangement of movements consequently. When taking into account the aspect of slavery, we find that being a complex machine devide, it is manufactured and unveiled accordingly in respect to standardization on how much work the machine can handle. Keep in mind that a machine is anything that makes work easier and so Robots are independent machine that has been customized to do something and henceforth the issue of having rights is invalid. Moreover, a robot being a machine gadget is controlled by people, which implies without the presence of individuals, a robot cannot execute any work at all. More so, I don’t feel absolutely quilt while using a robot machine since I know total workload depends on what commands I have initiated towards the machine. I can decide and initiate few commands, more or none and the output produced by this robot is dependent to my

Environmental Microbiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental Microbiology - Assignment Example The reason as to why they are considered together is for human convenience and not as a reflection of their biological, evolutionary or ordered relationships. It is also important to note that algae are also known to be phototropic. Lenntech.com (1) asserts that almost all algae are eukaryotes and the exact nature of their chloroplasts which contains DNA is different in different lines of algae. Cyanobacteria are a classification of organisms traditionally incorporated among the algae though they have a prokaryotic cell structure and they conduct photosynthesis directly within the cytoplasm and not in specialized organs. Expertscolumn.com (1) categorically explains the significance of algae. Economically, Phytoplankton from algae is a source of food to many aquatic living things such as fish and also provides oxygen to their surrounding environment. The desmids help in analysis of water contamination or pollution. Another example is the brown algae. The brown algae contain alginic acid which is a source of lginites. Algae have negative effects as much as they have many uses. A typical scenario is that when a huge increase of algae occurs, a ‘red tide’ occurs. This is characterized by the ocean changing its color to red in certain areas as a result of the pigment coming from the algae. In conclusion, more research should be done to discover more areas through which algae can be utilized as opposed to their negative effects. This can be attributed to the fact that algae will always exist within our society and the more ways of utilizing them in our lives, the better. Expertcolumn.com. â€Å"The Significance of Algae in Economy and Environment as well as Its Harmful Effect†.7 Jan. 2011. Web.27 Oct. 2011

Divorce and Its Effects on Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Divorce and Its Effects on Children - Essay Example Moreover, the divorced group report given that extra emotional and active caregiving and experiencing additional unfairness in their families of origin than did the non-divorced group, though the result for emotional caregiving was reasonable by temporal perspective (Carlile, C. 2001, 232-234). Furthermore, proof that difficult form of parentification in children of divorce carry on into late adolescence and young adulthood has insinuation for models of sympathetic and serving these children and their families. A rising number of researchers have turned their concentration to the dynamics of post-divorce families. In one of the initial studies in this region, many experts discovered that parent/child associations in divorced single-parent households are frequently collaterally rather than hierarchically prearranged (Crosbie-Burnett, M., 2000, 286-293). The children suppose a "junior partner" role. Though this role come into view to foster sovereignty and adulthood in the older children, predominantly if their earlier developmental wants had been met, it be inclined to suffering lots of the younger children in the sample. If we analyzed then we come to know that longitudinal observations of dissimilar groups of divorced families, experts afterward shed additional light on the developmental risks of the postdivorce family infrastructure. According to expert analysis that as a result of disrupted and reducing parenting occasioned by marital ending, lots of children are "overburdened" for years by such farm duties as attending to the psychological desires of the parents or the family as a whole. The chronological constancy of parentification linked with matrimonial conflict and stop working has also not been examined. Moreover, in light of clinical surveillance that the parentification procedure in divorced families make bigger well into adolescence, it is credible that unhelpful parentification, chiefly of an emotional genre, continues to typify the family relations of older children of divorce (Davies, P. T., 2002, 124-139). No doubt, questions regarding the ethicality and importance of parentification in divorced families were scrutinize in this study as part of a better exploration of this process in couple associations. Particularly, perceptions of the degree and fairness of past and nearby caregiving of late adolescent and young adult children of divorce were compared to those of a nondivorced group. In addition to the effect of divorce, sex dissimilarity were discovered. further potentially confounding variables were statistically controlled. The frequencies of dissimilar forms of unhelpful parentification in the divorced and non-divorced groups were also contrast. Method Participants To obtain results one-hundred-and-ninety-one psychology undergraduates at great public urban universities were recruited to contribute in a study on couple and family dealings. All participants were necessary to be in an association of at least 6-months duration. Their partners, 26.44% of whom did not be present at college, were also employing bringing the total N to 382.Moreover, to evaluate questions pertaining to the association of parentification to parental divorce, participants whose parents moreover divorced earlier than middle adolescence (14 years of age) or never divorced were chosen from

Facilitating Learning and Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Facilitating Learning and Teaching - Essay Example Reflection is a way in which professionals can bridge the theory-practice gap, based on the potential of reflection to uncover knowledge in and on action (Schon, 1983 cited in Taylor, 2006). (Taylor, 2006) in his book defined reflection in more broad way, Reflection is the throwing back of thoughts and memories, in cognitive acts such as thinking, contemplation, meditation and any other form of attentive consideration, in order to make sense of them, and to make contextually appropriate changes if they are required. When we use reflection it enable us to explore what is beyond the line of vision and to look around and find out what is behind. Reflection in nursing education allows students to express their learning which occurred in the clinical placement (Kuiper & Pesut, 2004). The reflection can confirm and correct actions. Doing that equips you translate strategies successfully in the new situations and continue development. Also when problems exist it enables you to avoid using t he previous solutions in the new similar situations and try another new ways of actions (Jones, 2010:11) Reflection is divided in to two types, reflection in action and reflection on action, identified by Donald Schon (1983) Cited by Jasper (2003). Reflection in action is the way that people think and theorise about practice while they are doing it. It is an automatic activity occurs during situation in the practice in every day practice. Reflection on action involves us in consciously exploring experience and thinking about practice after it has occurred to discover the knowledge used in the situation. This occurs through analysis, interpretation, and the recombination of information about the experience so that the new perspectives are found about that what has happened. It is an active process that changes the experience to knowledge by thinking, analyzing and describing the situation. In this paper work I am going to reflect on a lecture given by me for midwives’ students and will use reflection on action through following Gibbs reflection framework (Rolf et al,2001:18 & Jasper 2003:6). This reflection framework model is developed by Graham Gibbs in 1998. It consists of six stages that guide you through the process of reflection by asking a set of question divided in the cycle stages. The stages are description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan (Jasper, 2003:78). Description Meeting with the lecturer was made two week before the lecture day, which gave enough time to read, plan and prepare for the lecture. The lecture subject and the time were discussed between me and the module lecturer. The topic was about kidney and urine formation, covering anatomy and pathophysiology. It was the last session on a Friday and the students are eager to go home and start their weekend; I arrived one hour before the session, to meet the lecturer and to show here the material, the case studies related to the subject and the multiple choice q uestions. After that we discussed the session plan and she suggested to amend one multiple choice question and it was done. We arrived in the class room and the lecturer introduced me and my colleague and informed the student that we are going to give today’s lectures. My colleague started her lecture that was about body fluids. I sat on the side to take some notes that will be useful to include in my session. After my colleague

Operational Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operational Analysis - Research Paper Example The capacity of the kitchen as of current data show that the establishment can serve up to 9,600 meals per day (Purtell, & Wagner, n.d). With reference to the number of meals the establishment is capable of serving per day and the overall number of ready customers, it’s obvious that the amount the Town of Millbridge pays MMWC for meals served to one customer per week is not enough to sustain the establishment thus, the customers have to add own funds to the township incentive. In this case, the total amount the establishment spends to manage the kitchen and the cost of preparing the meals as per the above assumptions is as follows: However, the total cost of the fixed and variable items amount to $170,400 per week. In this case, the cost of one meal should be 170,400/(9600x7) = $2.54 in order for MMWC to break even without making any profit. The operations of the establishment as of problem 1 show that MMWC spends $170,400 per week in both food preparation and in kitchen maintenance and operations. If the establishment takes into account capacity increase from 9,600 meals a day to 10,400, MMWC will therefore spend 10,400x7x2 (the assumption that one meal is prepared at a cost of $2.0 holds) and amounts to $145,600. This operations’ capacity will take into consideration the current $36,000 in fixed costs and an additional $625,000 of equipment. Additionally, while the expansion of the kitchen is a viable strategy, investing in the kitchen equipment will incur 12% opportunity cost if the same amount was invested in another area besides the kitchen capacity. In order to establish MMWC options, the original breakeven level is $2.54 per meal. The current bidder offers $1.25 less from the original breakeven level making the new meal price $1.29 for the establishment to breakeven without making any profit. While it was originally viable for the establishment

Posner Terms 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Posner Terms 2 - Assignment Example The administrations also ignore the positive effects of societal goals on students such as reverence for associates, recognition of US position in international economy, international harmony and peace and US nationals’ right of safety. The inclusion of societal goals in curriculum is not an easy task. 2. Administrative Goal Posner (1995) defines administrative goals of educational institutions in terms of supervision and development of the institutions (p. 73). The administrative goals comprise teachers’ appointments, salaries and educational continuation, support required by staff, recognition and promotion of influential leaders, the development and supervision of particular curriculum, protection of staff and students and turnout of students. Educational institution’s building preservation, transport management, resourcing and overhauling planning and supervision and standardizing rules and regulations for students. As a student, I have noticed that administr ative goals are handled at school level and school administrators are involved in their development, regulation and improvement. 3. Bloom's Taxonomy and its Applicability to Writing Objectives ‘Cognitive, affective and psychomotor’ domains are part of Bloom’s taxonomy. ... As a student, I feel that cognitive activities are uncomplicated as compared to affective or psychomotor activities. Cognitive domain incorporates learning, understanding, implementation, evaluation and combination, all of which indicate that it is applicable to writing objectives. For writing, all the mentioned aspects are required. 4. Cognitive Domain Cognitive domain as described by Bloom deals with our thought patterns. Initially, brain was regarded as a mind muscle only but currently, it is an organ that makes a human being capable to use Bloom’s domains that are cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains (Anderson, et al, 2000). Cognitive domain can also be called intellectual domain. Our skills of causation, recollection and cogence of information are investigated by cognitive psychologists. These skills make us dissimilar to animals. We are able to understand and eulogize music, literature and art because of cognitive domain. Our thoughts, rationalizing and comprehen sion, all are permitted because of cognitive domain. In our studies, we have to use cognitive domain in order to comprehend, evaluate and reason to acquire knowledge. Any kind of study is impossible without incorporation of cognitive domain. 5. Purpose of Standards Posner (1995) describes the standards as defined specifics, capabilities and procedures that students are anticipated to acquire (p. 93). Sometimes, secondary educational institutions adopt and apply ‘behavioral objectives’ that appear as standards. These standards are quantifiable. The student performance can be judged as an indication of a continued knowledge acquisition procedure with the support of these standards. Standards define a

Sexual Harrrasment Policy Essay Example for Free

Sexual Harrrasment Policy Essay Abstract Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwelcomed by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment can be unwelcome sexual advances, disparaging or insulting remarks, verbal or physical conduct of an improper nature. This paper is based on research of different company’s harassment policy by team members to access the basic components of sexual harassment policy and complain procedure and how effective it is according to the EEOC. Findings indicated that most of the company’s sexual harassment and complain policy is in according to the EEOC. The results were that one of the company’s policies was found to be rather vague and the other results were that the policy and complain procedure was clear and thorough. Finally, this paper will outline the basic elements on sexual harassment policies of different companies and what they contain. Sexual Harassment Policy 3 Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment is illegal and wrongful. Sexual harassment should be prohibited in the workplace. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sexual harassment as â€Å" unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, submission to or rejections of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment. † If an individual performs any form of conduct that will interfere with an employee’s job performance or create a hostile environment should be illegal and unaccepted in the workplace. Employers should maintain a safe and healthy work environment for their employees. The company is to maintain a work environment free of all forms of harassment and insist all employees be treated with dignity, respect, and courtesy. There are a lot of sexual harassment policies that are located on the different websites, and on employee’s information board. The policy should be accessible to all employees to view at any time. If an employee cannot find their company’s sexual harassment policy, they can contact their HR Director for a copy of the policy. And your supervisor or your manager can, also, help you to locate your company’s sexual harassment policy. The sexual harassment policy for most of the companies that were researched met the basic components as listed by the EEOC. In the state of California, they are very strict when it comes Sexual Harassment Policy 4 to sexual harassment and you could be fired and could have charges brought up on you. One of the companies’s maintained a zero tolerance policy for both sexual harassment and for retaliation. And the company prohibits retaliation against anyone for reporting discriminating activity, registering a complaint pursuant to the policy, assisting in making discrimination complaint or cooperating in an investigation. Another company protects the rights and confidentiality of the employee that has filed harassment claims and is resolved in a timely manner. This company also has complaint procedures to resolve complaints at the lowest levels and when they are advised of complain the company deems resolution and follows the appropriate steps and action to resolve complaint. Employers are legally obligated to take steps to prevent discrimination and harassment and to investigate and act quickly if a complaint is made (England, 2012). But, one company’s policy wasn’t very detailed, it only detailed that sexual harassment will not be tolerated against employees. And the company’s policy did not contain the steps that one need to file a complaint, the company did not give a clear definition and didn’t guarantee the confidentiality of the victim. It is the managers and supervisors responsibility to adhere to, implement and enforce the policies that their company have in place to prevent harassment in the workplace. In one of the company’s policy it stated that the managers and supervisors have as one of their responsibilities is to promote a harassment-free environment. So, at this company their policy is being enforced. Sexual harassment policy should be communicated in the workplace at least once a year through proper training. And during these training sessions, you should train employees on what sexual harassment is and what rights they have as employees. And promote to them that they have a right to a safe, healthy workplace free of sexual harassment. And companies should make Sexual Harassment Policy 5 sure that this policy is explained by HR upon being hired. As an HR professional, these policies should be displayed in a visual area where employees may view. HR can have team meetings with the managers reinforcing the importance of these policies that they need to implement at their workplace and review the company’s complaint procedure and encourage employees to use it. Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of nay employee should not be prohibited in the workplace. Sexual Harassment Policy 6 References: Brady, B. (206) Practical Human Resources Tips, News Advice. HR Daily Advisor England, Deboah C. (2012) Preventing Employment Discrimination and Sexual Harassment. Johnson, David R (2013). An Employees Guide to Preventing Sexual Harassment Claims. Pg. 3 www. eeoc. gov/policy Sexual Harassment Policy 1 Sexual Harassment Policy 2 Abstract Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwelcomed by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment can be unwelcome sexual advances, disparaging or insulting remarks, verbal or physical conduct of an improper nature. This paper is based on research of different company’s harassment policy by team members to access the basic components of sexual harassment policy and complain procedure and how effective it is according to the EEOC. Findings indicated that most of the company’s sexual harassment and complain policy is in according to the EEOC. The results were that one of the company’s policies was found to be rather vague and the other results were that the policy and complain procedure was clear and thorough. Finally, this paper will outline the basic elements on sexual harassment policies of different companies and what they contain. Sexual Harassment Policy 3 Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment is illegal and wrongful. Sexual harassment should be prohibited in the workplace. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sexual harassment as â€Å" unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, submission to or rejections of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment. † If an individual performs any form of conduct that will interfere with an employee’s job performance or create a hostile environment should be illegal and unaccepted in the workplace. Employers should maintain a safe and healthy work environment for their employees. The company is to maintain a work environment free of all forms of harassment and insist all employees be treated with dignity, respect, and courtesy. There are a lot of sexual harassment policies that are located on the different websites, and on employee’s information board. The policy should be accessible to all employees to view at any time. If an employee cannot find their company’s sexual harassment policy, they can contact their HR Director for a copy of the policy. And your supervisor or your manager can, also, help you to locate your company’s sexual harassment policy. The sexual harassment policy for most of the companies that were researched met the basic components as listed by the EEOC. In the state of California, they are very strict when it comes Sexual Harassment Policy 4 to sexual harassment and you could be fired and could have charges brought up on you. One of the companies’s maintained a zero tolerance policy for both sexual harassment and for retaliation. And the company prohibits retaliation against anyone for reporting discriminating activity, registering a complaint pursuant to the policy, assisting in making discrimination complaint or cooperating in an investigation. Another company protects the rights and confidentiality of the employee that has filed harassment claims and is resolved in a timely manner. This company also has complaint procedures to resolve complaints at the lowest levels and when they are advised of complain the company deems resolution and follows the appropriate steps and action to resolve complaint. Employers are legally obligated to take steps to prevent discrimination and harassment and to investigate and act quickly if a complaint is made (England, 2012). But, one company’s policy wasn’t very detailed, it only detailed that sexual harassment will not be tolerated against employees. And the company’s policy did not contain the steps that one need to file a complaint, the company did not give a clear definition and didn’t guarantee the confidentiality of the victim. It is the managers and supervisors responsibility to adhere to, implement and enforce the policies that their company have in place to prevent harassment in the workplace. In one of the company’s policy it stated that the managers and supervisors have as one of their responsibilities is to promote a harassment-free environment. So, at this company their policy is being enforced. Sexual harassment policy should be communicated in the workplace at least once a year through proper training. And during these training sessions, you should train employees on what sexual harassment is and what rights they have as employees. And promote to them that they have a right to a safe, healthy workplace free of sexual harassment. And companies should make Sexual Harassment Policy 5 sure that this policy is explained by HR upon being hired. As an HR professional, these policies should be displayed in a visual area where employees may view. HR can have team meetings with the managers reinforcing the importance of these policies that they need to implement at their workplace and review the company’s complaint procedure and encourage employees to use it. Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of nay employee should not be prohibited in the workplace. Sexual Harassment Policy 6 References:

Harmful Effects of Embalming Fluid

Harmful Effects of Embalming Fluid Both formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde based embalming solutions are widely used in preserving dead bodies and in pathology, forensic medicine and museums. Phenoxyethanol may be an alternative to them. Each of them has its merits and demerits but none of them is totally non-toxic. This review is about various possible adverse effects of these embalmbing solutions. Key words: Embalming solutions, Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde and Phenoxyethanol. Introduction After death human body starts putrefaction, to prevent this process embalming is required. By this process dead body retains its morphological characteristics for a longer time period. Later on this preserved body is used in medical institutes for the study of anatomy by students. Anatomy is the backbone in medical curriculum in which students learn the external and internal structures of human body in detail. Moreover embalming procedure can also be used to keep dead bodies intact during transportation. Besides this, embalming solution is essential constituent in preservation of parts in pathology, forensic medicine and museums. These solutions contain number of chemicals mixed in appropriate ratio for their specific purposes. Important constituents are preservatives, buffers, anticoagulants, germicides, fungicides, perfuming agents, hygroscopic agents, dyes, etc. An ideal embalming solution should neither alter the natural structures including color of the specimen, nor have any type of adverse effects in form of topical or systemic. It should also prevent growth of insects and maggots and the putrefaction process. All these characteristics are usually not found in the routinely used embalming solutions. Therefore it becomes an important issue to educate the persons regarding the possible damages produced by the embalming solutions. This review article has been written with intention to give the information regarding components used in the embalming solutions their advantages and disadvantages. Important chemicals like formaldehyde, glutarldehyde, methyl alcohol, phenol, glycerine, oil of winter green, eosine solution, phenoxy ethanol are used to make the embalming solutions. Depending upon the concentration of individual chemical these solutions have been grouped in to three types: (a)Formaldehyde based embalming solution, (b) Glutaraldehyde based embalming solution and (c) Phenoxyethanol based embalming solution. Formaldehyde Formaldehyde (HCHO) is most commonly used chemical for embalming purposes. Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong, suffocating odor. It is often mixed with alcohol to make liquid called formalin. The largest source of formaldehyde is the chemical manufacturing industry. Formaldehyde is found in cigarette smoke and also can be formed in the environment during the burning of fuels or household waste. Very small amount of formaldehyde is found naturally in the human body. Formaldehyde is a popular chemical because of its low cost and can be used for many purposes like making furniture, wall paneling, etc. Formaldehyde also can be used as germicide and preservative. It is also found in items such as dyes, textiles, plastics, paper products, fertilizer, and cosmetics. Formaldehyde solutions are used as a fixative for microscopy and histology. Formaldehyde-based solutions are also used in embalming to disinfect and temporarily preserve human and animal remains. The concentration of formaldehyde is usually expressed in terms of parts per million (1 ppm = 1.248 mg/cu.m.). This is prepared by mixing the commercially available formalin solution with tap water in the proportion of 3:1 [1]. The use of formaldehyde in preserving the tissues, organs, and body parts is very common. Technicians in histology laboratory, students in anatomy classes, are exposed to this solution. Formaldehyde has been known to produce allergy, contact dermatitis, eczema, irritation and inflammation to mucus membranes, and if ingested can produce systemic toxicity which can be fatal. This also has tendency to produce mutations and development of malignancy. Permissible limits of occupational exposure to formaldehyde are 3 ppm in a time weight average breathing zone during an 8-hour period, a ceiling concentration of 5 ppm and an acceptable maximum peak of 10 ppm for no longer than 30 minutes during a one day shift. To reduce the toxic potential of formalin it needs to be buffered by additio n of a small quantity of Sodium tetraborate to get a slightly alkaline solution with a pH of 7.2. This buffered formalin needs to be freshly prepared just before preparing the embalming fluid. These chemicals are mixed to make an embalming fluid. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde by inhalation is mainly from three types of sources: thermal or chemical decomposition of formaldehyde-based resins, formaldehyde emission from aqueous solutions (for example, embalming fluids), and the production of formaldehyde resulting from the combustion of a variety of organic compounds (for example, exhaust gases) [2]. Once absorbed, formaldehyde is very quickly broken down. Almost every tissue in the body has the ability to break down formaldehyde. It is usually converted to a non-toxic chemical called formate, which is excreted in the urine and is converted to carbon dioxide and breathed out of the body. But formaldehyde can be toxic, allergenic, and carcinogenic [3]. Acute exposure of formalin adversely affects pulmonary system. It may decrease vital capacity much more as compared to other pulmonary parameters. This may be attributed to bronchoconstriction produced by formalin [4]. Experimental studies have shown that exposure of formal dehyde may damage liver. This destruction is directly proportional to the length of exposure of formaldehyde. Few clinical studies have also shown the damaging effect of formaldehyde on liver of human beings. The hepatic damage occurs in form of congestion of hepatic parenchyma and elevation of hepatic enzymes [5-7]. Neurological toxicities after exposure to formaldehyde in human beings are manifested in form of fatigue, headache, myalgia etc. If toxicity is due to formaldehyde ingestion, person may have loss of memory, seizures, altered behavior, altered consciousness and in severe cases coma. Animal exposure of formaldehyde has shown brain damage in form of altered neurotransmission. The main neurotransmitter changes are increased serotonin and dopamine metabolites in hypothalamus [8, 9]. Hematopoietic system is not much affected by the formaldehyde exposure. However intravascular coagulopathy, alteration of red cell count and hemoglobin concentration has been reported in some stu dies [8]. Gastrointestinal tract is not much affected when exposure is through inhalation. However, when ingested it may adversely affect the GIT. If toxic dose of formaldehyde is ingested it produces inflammatory lesions of orophyarnx, soft palate, pharaynx, epiglottis, esophagous, stomach. These lesions are due to contact irritant and corrosive nature of formaldehyde. The lesion may be in form of ulcerations and necrosis. Clinically this toxicity manifests in form of abdominal cramps, vomiting, haematemasis, malena, altered gut motility etc. Chronic ingestion of formaldehyde may also give rise to gastric and esophageal malignancies [8-10]. Though renal system is not a major target of formaldehyde metabolism, however risk of renal failure and anuria is there in persons acutely exposed to the formaldehyde. The animal experiments have shown that formaldehyde can produce renal papillary necrosis, polyuria, increased blood nitrogen [9]. Formaldehyde is a skin irritant and dermal sensit ization agent. Contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, erythema, epidermal hyperplasia have been shown to occur due to chronic exposure of formaldehyde in animals as well as in human beings [11]. Air born formaldehyde exposure most frequently produces eye irritation. Endocrine system and reproductive organs are minimally affected [12]. Formaldehyde may have mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Out of all cancers nasopharyngeal cancer has been well established to have association with formaldehyde exposure. Fortunately formaldehyde has not been correlated with teratogenic potential [13-15]. To reduce the risk of damage due to formaldehyde, certain measures can be adopted. Replacing the formaldehyde with less hazardous chemical, reducing the concentration of formaldehyde in the solution, proper storage of product, closing the jar when not used, disposal of exposed clothes are some of them. Facility of fume hood just at the site of embalming, wearing personal protective equipments like face mask, safety goggles, self contained breathing apparatus, gloves, water proof smock, head gear etc further reduces the chances of exposure. Careful monitoring of lung function tests, chest x-ray, allergy testing, and examination of eyes time to time should be adopted. Other important work practices recommended are labeling the container, educating employee regarding the possible adverse effects, monitoring the air concentration of the room, avoiding eating and smoking at work place. Formaldehyde is inflammable and precautions to prevent fire should be taken. Any spill should be immedia tely informed. If spill occurs evacuate the room and reach to the safe place, eliminate all ignition points, spread the dry sand over the chemical, ventilate area. If contact has occurred the person should wash skin, eyes, remove contaminated clothing and should be treated as an emergency [16]. Glutaraldehyde Glutaraldehyde an aliphatic dialdehyde is a colorless liquid with pungent smell. It is one of the best biocide agents for disinfection and sterilization at hospitals. This is very widely used in medical, scientific, and industrial application. As fixator in histochemistry and microscopy, tanning agent and as ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals are some of the important uses of gluteraldehyde pharmaceuticals [17, 18]. Radiologists use gluteraldehyde as hardener in x-ray developing solution [19]. Though considered a relatively safe, it possesses irritating and corrosive properties. The strength of gluteraldehyde may vary from 1 to 50% [20]. This variable concentration exposure may give rise multiple unexpected toxic effects. In general due to its corrosive and irritant effects it produces throat irritation, nasal bleeding, burning eyes, precipitation of asthma and sneezing [21]. Due to its tanning effect it also discolors the hands of handling persons. Large acute dose can pre cipitate severe headache, vomiting, and altered consciousness. The persons commonly exposed to glutaraldehyde are staff workers involved in sterilization of endoscopes, dialyzing machine, research workers, and x-ray film developers. Glutaraldehyde exhibits superior properties to formaldehyde in relation to the fixation, disinfection and sterilization. It is more effective in less concentration and in less time exposure as compared to formaldehyde. Regarding the embalming properties, glutaraldeyde is slow diffusing, but develops rapid irreversible reactions with the body proteins. This is in contrast to the formaldehyde which is fast diffuser, but produces reversible reactions with proteins. This characteristic of glutaraldehyde favors its use as embalming solution. Only disadvantage of glutaraldehyde as embalming solution is the slow tissue perfusion resulting in appearance of signs of embalmation very late. Hardening and stiffening of body occurs after long duration. So the body ha s life like appearance for a longer time. Another advantage of glutaraldehyde is that reactions are less affected by pH alterations and it reacts even at the higher pH where formaldehyde becomes inactive. Because of slow diffusion and perfusion rate glutaraldehyde reacts less with blood and blood perfused tissues. This leads to minimum coagulation and more clearing of blood from tissues. This persevered tissue becomes clearer in appearance. However, if glutaraldehyde solution is kept for long time yellowish tanning and darkening of tissues occur. Regarding the toxic potential of glutaraldehyde, it is relatively safe but numbers of animal studies have indicated that oral ingestion can produce gastrointestinal damage, alteration of behavior, precipitation of seizures. Local external contact has tendency to produce contact dermatitis, brown discoloration of skin, exfoliation of skin, conjunctivitis. Vapor inhalation of glutaraldehyde may precipitate bronchospasm, nasal discharge, excessive lacrimation, salivation, and dyspnoea [22]. Another drawback of glutaraldehyde is that it may produce photosensitivity to the ultra-violet rays. This may be responsible for the erythematous lesions after sun exposure. There is no proven risk of glutaraldehyde as genotoxic and mutagenic agent but most of the studies are based on animals. Therefore chances of mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity cannot be excluded in humans. The persons exposed to glutaraldehyde for long duration should undergo through regular medical checkups. The te ratogenic potential has not been reported in animal studies but if possible the exposure of glutaraldehyde should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation [23]. Phenoxyethanol Phenoxyethonol also known as phenoxytol or phenoxyethyl alcohol is a colorless or light yellow, viscos liquid. This is a strong oxidizing agent. It is incompatible with acidic solutions and also has combustible property. Phenoxyethanol is a modern antimicrobial preservative. Presently this is used as common preservative in diphtheria, tetanus, and pertusis vaccine. This inactivates both bacterial and fungal growth. Other use of phenoxyethanol is as preservative of cosmetic materials. Due to its ability to inhibit phagocyte activity it is supposed to be toxic to all cells. Moreover it can alter the immunity of the exposed persons. As for the other alternative chemicals in place of formaldehyde, Frolich et al in 1984 tried using phenoxyethanol as its non-toxic substitute. It proved to be impractical as the amount required was large, i.e., about 600 litres for each cadaver needing continuous emersion to prevent mould formation and the fixation process taking 5 to 10 months [24]. Various adverse effects by Phenoxyethanol can be: central nervous depression, nausea, vomiting, sometimes diarrhea, prominent headache, later abdominal lumbar pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, transient polyuria then oliguria, progressing to anuria, acute renal failure, less critical pathological lesions may appear in brain, lungs, liver, meninges heart  [25]. Other components which are used in embalming solution are methyl alcohol, carbolic acid, sodium tetraborate, glycerine, eucalyptus oil, and eosine. Methyl alcohol helps in precipitation of proteins and reducing contamination. This also helps in dispersion of formaldehyde into the body tissues. Carbolic acid helps by its germicidal and fungicidal actions. Sodium tetraborate is used as buffer agent and stabilizing agent. Eucalyptus oil acts as perfume and eosine helps in giving the reddish color to the tissues. Conclusion Considering all the characters of chemicals used in embalming solution one can see that it is impractical to find out non toxic embalming solution. The person involved in process of embalming as well as students should be taught regarding the possible hazardous effects and methods to minimize. The place should be well equipped for handling of any emergency condition. Each one involved should be taught regarding the procedures of basic life supports. If any untoward incidence happens the person should be stabilized by basic life support followed by shifting to the place equipped with advance life support system.

A Comparison of Themes of Amy Tans Kitchen Gods Wife and Joy Luck Clu

Similar Themes in  of Kitchen God's Wife and Joy Luck Club       Amy Tan's two novels, The Kitchen God's Wife and The Joy Luck Club, represent a unique voice that is rarely heard in literature. Tan is a Chinese-American woman who tells stories of old China that are rich in history and culture. Both novels have at least one strong central female character who is trying to inform her daughter about their Chinese heritage and familial roots.    The plot ofThe Joy Luck Club displays this idea in each woman's story. The older generation is comprised of four women: Suyuan Woo, An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Ying-Ying St. Clair. They relate their stories to their daughters, hoping to retain some of their rich histories and old lifestyles in China. Joy Luck is centered around Suyuan Woo's daughter, June, who is dealing with the death of her mother. June takes her mother's place at the mah-jong table, where she is told that she must learn about her mother's life in China. The one thing June knows of her mother's life in China is the story of her abandoned twin babies. The members of t...

Bilingualism: The Key to Personal and National Progress Essay -- Langu

Since the conception of the United States there has been no official national language, however, English has long been the formal language of choice in America. It is used in nearly all forms of communication both internally and internationally from politics, science, marketing and any other discipline one can think of. The United States has an overwhelming focus on integrating its citizens into speaking English, but a minimal amount of effort is placed on educated any other languages. In most states second language classes are required for only two semesters in high school, and the languages offered in high school and typically limited to Spanish and French. For obvious reasons Spanish is a preferred language to teach to students due to the close proximity of Spanish speaking countries and the high influx of migration of Spanish speaking individuals to America. It is not uncommon for countries to teach its students the languages of other countries that said country is often found as sociating with. Many countries have already implemented educational systems that require two to three languages to be taught in school. These counties mainly in Europe and Asia are at the forefront of educational learning and economic viability, while they leave America scrambling to catch up. No longer can American education turn a blind eye to this vital and growing educational necessity. Many fear that bilingualism could potential hinder individual’s linguistic progress, but on the contrary bilingualism offers unprecedented benefits both to the individual student’s learning capabilities as well as added benefits to American economical services and growth. The field of neurobiology is yielding impressive results when examining the bilingual brain. O... ...n these various cultures and countries is through the ability to speak to one another and the key to this is bilingualism. From the cognitive benefits offered to an early child’s learning, to job opportunities, all the way to global interactions the mandatory inclusion of bilingualism in American education will serve to further advance all of these pursuits. Work Cited "Bilingual Youre Valuable." 24 September 2007. Career Builder. Document. April 2012. Chen, Grace. "Benefits of Foreign Language Education." 21 June 2008. Public School Review. document. april 2012. "Language Matters: A Global Shift to Bilingualism?" 28 October 2006. Language Instinct. document. April 2012. "The Advantages of Being Bilingual." 2012. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Document. April 2012. "The Bilingual Brain." n.d. Society of Neuroscience. 22 March 2012.

What Is Fascism And Why Does It Emerge? :: essays research papers

What is Fascism and Why does it Emerge? The purpose of this essay is to explain what fascism is and why it emerges. Fascism is a political ideology that consists of an all powering totalitarian government, which has total control of the people, the nation and the economy. The fascist economic system creates an upper class for the owning/ruling class and leaves the working class in a lower state who in turn produce for the elite. To justify themselves as beneficial to the oppressed lower class, the fascist installs an extreme sense of Nationalisms and organicism. If these method do not work then force is used. Fascism emerges out of economic crisis, a revolutionary promise and reaction to capitalism. It is often allowed to emerge because it is usually easy to get support from the upper class. The fascist political structure consists of a totalitarian government with an extreme sense of absolutism. Absolutism is the principle of a absolute power in control with power that transcends even the laws itself, under the control of one main dictator who carries traits of of a geniuses or of a hero. This way the masses can be drawn into him through emotion and appeal. With the totalitarian government the fascist has total control of the nation and the people. Along with the fascist total ruling over the people and nation came its total ruling over the economy. Although different fascist have had different economic structures, all regimes more or less, have had the same model. The main defining character of the fascist economy is the principle of goverment-buisness relationship. Like the first fascist regime in Italy, its leader created a system where private ownership was allowed but state intervention was issued on management and labour. He did this by creating grouped established syndicates, such as â€Å"The National Confederation of Commerce† or the â€Å"The National Federation of Credit and Insurgence†. The government then controlled these under managing agencies called â€Å"Corporations† which in turn would regulate issues and guidelines such as supply and demand, labour disputes or what interest the business is to aim at. Although the system is supposed to function as a partnership, the government is always in control and dominate. Although the fascists claim this system is in the interest of the nation, it is only in the interest of more empowerment for the government. Due to this system both the states interest and the interest of the owning class are integrated which creates an elite. Therefore the development and technology only serves the interest of the elite and not the working class which is to be

Misuse of Cell Phones

Misuse of Cell Phones Apart from the plenteous advantages of cell phones, it has become a nerve-wracking part of everyone’s life. In 21st century, we ought to get rid of its unnecessary, undue uses. â€Å"It's easier for a rich man to ride that camel through the eye of a needle directly into the Kingdom of Heaven, than for some of us to give up our cell phone. †Ã‚  Cell phone has reduced the distances, but wasting money and time on its needless use cannot be justified. Is it not imprudent?Elimination of our healthy activities and hobbies from our lives can impart a stern and austere effect on our health, attitude and social behaviour. In the past calming and relaxing in fresh environment and enjoying the nature was a good use of time. Cyber criminals are increasingly targeting mobile devices as they look to exploit consumer ignorance of potential security risks associated with smartphones. These criminals are diverting the youth- future of a country. Cell phone provider s are also distracting the youth-future of a country.Providing them with attractive packages they are making money and youth is confined to messaging and chatting only. Although using smartphones navigation system has improved very much but in England every year hundreds of causalities are reported which occur when someone is driving while using the cell phones. Misapplication of any technology is detrimental so everyone should be prudent and vigilant while using it. Technology is refining day by day but purchasing a new and precious cell phone with only few additional or surplus features in it can influence negative effects on your friends.One who cannot afford it would be distressed and distraught. So it leads to unbalancing in society. Overall technology and science have very much advantages, computer and internet are providing information in simplest way also it has changed way of communication. The level of our technology keeps on improving. Over the years, there have been many advancements and improvements that technology offers us. But need is to take the responsibility to get benefit of it. Cell phone providers should also take some steps to eradicate these critical things from the society.

Acting Against Personal Belief to Comply With Other’s Expectations Essay

It is impossible to find a situation in which the individual is not faced with having to act according to the expectations of others. Children react to the expectations of their parents, students must respond to the expectations of fellow students and teachers, employees are guided by the expectations of the employer, and coming full circle, parents feel the expectations of their children. The individual’s moral response to acting in accordance with other’s expectations is very situational. In some circumstances the response is minor. An adolescent may firmly believe good grades are pointless, yet comply with the expectations of parents and teachers. In some cases the response may be much greater. An otherwise honest college student may feel a great deal of remorse when he or she gives in to the demands of a â€Å"significant other† or fraternity to â€Å"share† answers on a take-home exam. The worst-case scenario is the life or death situation. A true pacifist draftee must make the decision to kill someone as the expectations of his fellow soldiers are to obviously protect them from injury or death. Fortunately I have not had to face this sort of dire quandary. The qualifying question is whether the expectation of others goes to what they think is best for me or what is best for the group. Presuming that others honestly have my best interest in mind, I would certainly give weight to their thoughts. This is particularly important when their wisdom and knowledge of a situation is greater than mine. My â€Å"moral compass† has developed from the examples of my family and greater environment, and I alone will have the satisfaction or shame in either living up to or abandoning my beliefs. This was not always easy. I remember breaking a neighbor’s garage window playing ball. I could have run with the other kids, but I told him what had happened because I knew from my parents that it was the right thing to do, an ideal to live up to, and short of endangering the lives of others, I would never give up my ideals. The idea of giving up my ideals is repugnant. I live by my principals and I respect others ideals and principals. Similarly I cannot force my beliefs on anyone, although someone may learn from my example as I have learned from others. I do not believe in bending my ideals to make others happy, besides I could not live with my conscience knowing that I gave up what I believe in to make someone else or an institution happy. Honesty and morality is really all one has; once one compromises up their beliefs and ideals, one loses his sense of self. Perfection is something few, if any of us will ever achieve. At some point in our lives we may succumb to temptation or other factors and temporarily place our sense of morality â€Å"on the shelf†. For instance I may firmly believe in doing the best job possible yet be forced to cut corners by an employer who is under pressure to make a production deadline. I do not have the luxury of quitting and finding another job, and in truth my work is of adequate quality as opposed to the excellent quality I want to produce. My work output will affect the entire company. If I hold up production to meet what I believe is a â€Å"better† standard of quality other workers will suffer the consequences of my decision and make less money because of the slowdown. Similarly, I may have family and teachers who expect me to maintain an excellent GPA. Instead, I find it more important to work to defray the costs of tuition and thus have time to only produce a â€Å"C+† average. In this situation I am the only one affected by my decision. Ethical decisions are not made in a vacuum. In the first example I may have â€Å"compromised† my strong belief in producing quality, and act according to others’ expectations but I can live with it because my actions affect others and my compromise did no harm. In the second situation I cannot live to others expectations particularly when my actions have no effect on them. In either situation the beliefs may differ; what will be important will be my response. Ultimately I must make my decisions based on the effect upon my sense of self as well as what I believe to be the common welfare.

Cyber Bullying Essay

Walking through the school door, she feels the sweat dripping down the side of her cheeks. Her stomach flips and flops, and her hands have an obvious tremble. The slamming lockers and running footsteps are enough to make her eyes swell with tears. The snickers behind her are all too familiar, but she is not prepared for the shove to the back and degrading names that follow. In a split second, her mind is made up. She turns around, heads out the door, and doesn’t look back. The computer, her cell phone, and now school. The cyber-bullies have stepped out of the screen and into face-to-face contact. With this new kind of bully on the rise and ruthless, is she the school’s responsibility? Schools should be held responsible for cyber bullying because the crime extends from the computer to the school setting. Studies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologies is widening the way bully’s can torture their victims. The fact of the matter is, technology is not going anywhere, so we need to figure out a way to put an end to cyber-bullies. Cyber-bullying is becoming a major problem and we all need to do our parts in figuring out what can be done to stop cyber-bullies in their tracks. Cyber-bullies will continue to be a threat to today’s youth until we take preventative measures against them. Before putting a stop to cyber-bullying we must understand why and how a cyber-bully works. After researching and analyzing informative articles on the topic, this research paper aims to inform and answer questions such as: what a cyber-bully is, how they work, whom they target, and how to stop them. By understanding how a cyber-bully works we will be able to better protect youth populations as technology grows. Approximately half of U. S. students are impacted by traditional bullying each school day (Ross). Cyber-bullying is technology powered and as technology expands it is getting harder and harder to see and prevent bullying from happening. Bullying over the Internet makes it easy for the tormenter to get away with their destructive behavior without any consequences. The article, â€Å"What is Cyberbullying: Bullying Comes Home† states, â€Å"Bullying is not new but thanks to the Internet teens are now being bullied at home. Online harassment is a serious problem† (Hardcaslte). Although the Internet has opened many doors to new opportunities, it has unfortunately taken bullying to another level. As the article, â€Å"Cyber Bullying Facts† states, â€Å"as the number of households with Internet access approaches saturation and cell phone ownership expands to the 100 million mark, so do the ways kids bully each other† (Ross). Anything sent out into cyberspace is very difficult, sometimes impossible, to remove. Therefore, being cyber-bullied can sometimes be much more severe than traditional bullying. Ann Frisen in the article, â€Å"Cyber-bullying: A Growing Problem† states, â€Å"This type of bullying can be more serious than conventional bullying. At least with conventional bullying the victim is left alone on evenings and weekends† (ScienceDaily). What exactly is ‘cyber-bulling’? The author of the article, â€Å"What is Cyberbullying: Bullying Comes Home† explains it as, â€Å"any harassment that occurs via the Internet† (Hardcastle). Cyber-bulling messages can be communicated through text, e-mails, instant messaging, web pages, blogs, chat rooms, or any other information communication technologies. For example, Michigan’s assistant attorney general, who is a grown adult, has been harassing the University of Michigan’s openly gay student body president. Andrew Shirvell, assistant Michigan attorney general, created a blog in April of 2010 targeting Chris Armstrong, University of Michigan’s student body president. On this blog he has posted many rude, untrue, and unnecessary comments towards Chris Armstrong, along with distorted pictures. According to the article, â€Å"Assistant Michigan AG targets openly gay college student† the author states, â€Å"Shirvell has published blog posts that accuse Armstrong of engaging in ‘flagrant sexual promiscuity’ with another male member of the student government; sexually seducing and influencing ‘a previously conservative male student’ so much so that the student, according to Shirvell, ‘morphed into a proponent of the radical homosexual agenda’† (Steward). Mr. Shirvell is clearly a first-hand example of a cyber-bully and this article goes to show that it’s not just kids bullying each other in school anymore; it’s much bigger than that. There have been at least three teen suicides in September after experiencing homophobic cyber-bullying. Who are the main victims targeted by cyber-bullies? According to the article, â€Å"Cyber-bullying Facts† Middle school and High school girls are twice as likely as boys to display cyber-bullying behaviors in the form of email, text, and chat, and only 20% of cyber-bullying victims tell their parents about the incident (Ross). Cyber-bullies target students, coworkers, neighbors, and even friends. Lately, there have been many reports of suicides related to bullying. For example, the recent death of Tyler Clementi, a freshman at Rutgers University, is an extreme case of cyber-bullying. The article, â€Å"Rutgers student death: Has Digital Age made students callous† informs, â€Å"Mr. Clementi killed himself on September 22nd, 2010. According to prosecutors, a few days earlier his roommate, Dharun Ravi, and another student, Molley Wei, used a Web cam to secretly transmit images of a sexual encounter between Clementi and another man. They intended to do so again on September 21† (Khadaroo). With cyber-bullying a bully can pick on people with less risk of being caught. People who you would not see bullying someone in school don’t have a problem using the Internet to bully their victims because you can’t see their initial reaction. Bullying cannot only hurt the victim emotionally it can also cause them to have frequent headaches, indigestion and vomiting, loss of sleep, loss of appetite, paranoia, and suicide. In Tyler Clementi’s case he was so overwhelmed by what had been done to him that he jumped off of the George-Washington Bridge. It is important for college campuses to promote tolerance for differences, including homosexuality. From the article, â€Å"Rutgers student death: Has Digital Age made students callous† the author states, â€Å"We are tempted to think that social-media technology drove the behavior, but as a truly ethical matter, the behavior has to be and should be considered human-driven, not technology driven† (Foulkrod). Harrisburg University of Science and Technology in Pennsylvania recently blocked the use of social media for a week to prompt discussions about its role in everyday life. Nobody wants to see this happen again; therefore, we need to come up with a solution to the problem. Some observers of today’s youth and media culture believe that today’s media environment could be desensitizing young people to the hurtful effects of their actions. What can be done to prevent cyber-bullying? Parents can start by talking specifically about yber-bullying and explain that is harmful and unacceptable behavior. Talk regularly with your child about on-line activities he or she is involved in, keep your home computer in easily viewable places, such as a family room or kitchen, and consider installing a filtering or blocking system (Ross). Also, you can â€Å"outline your expectations for responsible online behavior and clearly explain the consequences for inappropriate behavior† (Ross). The most important thing that can be done to stop a cyber-bully harassing you is to just not respond to the bully. Do not play into the bully’s games. Ignore the bully and tell a parent or teacher. While ignoring the bullying make sure to save all of the evidence so that if police need to be involved you will have it ready. In the article, â€Å"What is Cyberbullying: Bullying Comes Home† states, â€Å"Repeated or excessive harassment via email, forums or chat rooms is harassment and should involve the police. Threats of violence should also be reported to the police. Try to save all messages as evidence† (Hardcastle). Treat a cyber-bully like you would any other bully and they will lose their power. Another important way to prevent cyber-bullying attacks is if you see something going on don’t just be a bystander and let it happen, report it before anyone gets hurt. In conclusion, with the expansion of the Internet and social networking technologies cyber-bullying is becoming more common and more severe. The information presented in this research paper should give people a better understanding of what a cyber-bully is, how harmful they can really be, and how to prevent cyber-bullying from happening. This paper can be used to help victims realize they are not alone and should not give into a bully’s dangerous behaviors. This research paper is to inform society about what has been going on lately and how unacceptable and dangerous it is. Kids are killing themselves over photos, web posts, and videos posted by bullies using the Internet. Cyber-bullying is technology powered and will only get worse as technology becomes more widespread. Hopefully, this paper will help to inform today’s youth and parents. If you see any kind of bullying happening in front of you, stop it if possible, and then report it. Conclusion Cyberbullying is a growing issue in schools. Students have been in fights, brought guns to school, and even committed suicide because of being cyberbullied. This is an issue which is a growing problem and must be addressed. It is serious. By helping students research the issues around cyberbullying, it raises awareness for both students and staff. A WebQuest like this can make a real difference in school climate and student relations. Take a stand against cyberbullying with your classmates. Students will listen to other students more quickly than they will listen to an adult.

Softball vs baseball

It may become obvious one day that baseball and fast pitch softball although similar are two very different sports. Obvious in the sense that fast pitch softball is just as physically demanding as baseball. That females softball athletes are every bit as tough of the males baseball who play a similar sport. The similarities are what groups the two sports together but the Intensity on the passion for the game of softball far exceeds that of baseball. Softball and baseball have always been lumped together due to their similarities.The sport of softball is for females where assessable is more geared toward males, with some exceptions of female team members. Taking a closer look Into the whole sport is what sets them apart. At first, spectators see the similarities, the fields lined in white chalk, bats, balls, bases and gloves. Someone in the crowd may even notice that base path distance varies between the two sports, and correctly so. They may even notice that the pitcher throws the ba ll under hand, in a windmill motion in softball opposed to overhand In baseball.All of these are good visual observations of the differences but the feelings of entertainment do not start until the games actually begin. Baseball has been American's past time for many years. It was and still continues to be a place where fathers and sons share a special day together. Memories are and were made at ball parks and the anticipation of catching a foul ball was top on the list. Sure there are still families who truly enjoy the sport and share the passion of watching a game but it has lost its appeal for many reasons.The professional players are expected to make the big plays and get dirty when doing it. They have salaries in the millions; a little dirty Is expected from the crowds. Along with some of the attitudes of these layers, they passion Is lost and It has Just become a Job. The childhood passion Is forgotten and misplaced by the fame and fortune that has taken its place. Softball pa rks are mainly reserved for school aged children, high school and college aged teams. The seating Is comprised of metal benches on either side of the field, a lot less luxurious than the seating at a baseball park.Many spectators bring fold out chairs and sit near the fence lines to watch the games. The crowds do not compare to that of a baseball game but yet there is something electrifying in the atmosphere. Why? The grass is the same, so Is the equipment and uniforms of the players. It's lust a bunch of girls with pony tailed hair who are dressed In boys' uniforms and shoes. The girls wear mouth pieces and have non glare make-up under their eyes, not worrying about losing their feminine side, its game time.These similarities fade when the umpire yells â€Å"batter up† and the batter steps into the batter's box. The Immediate rehearsed chants and synchronized claps start from the dugout of the away team, encouraging the crowd to participate which they do so enthusiastically. The crowd is immediately an active participant in the game from the very beginning. The batters are not swinging for the fences but rather strategically placing the ball on the field to obtain base runners. The game Is fast paced and fielded players are always In constant motion, keeping the eyes of the crowd engaged.There Is no lollygagging like in baseball where the crowd's attention is focused on something 1 OFF purchase at a ridiculously high price. The excitement of the crowds' involvement and the epic battle between pitcher and batter has begun. The sixty feet of distance teen the two provides very little reaction time of the batter, thus intensifying the entertainment value of the game. The females on the field are sacrificing their bodies to make the plays, which they often do.They are not afraid or apprehensive to dive for a ball to make the catch or slide head first to be safe at the base. The crowds lose control during these plays and the noise level is elevated, a fire is fueled. These are scenarios common in both sports but baseball players being male are more expected to do so, losing some of the wow factor that softball players provide. The stereotype of the well manicured, dainty female is bypassed when you see a grass stained uniform of a softball player.These players are totally submerged in the game and the only concern is to win. Not a cracked fingernail or hair out of place. The dugout chants increase vocally with every passing inning Just as the uniforms original colors fade from clean to dirt covered. By the seventh inning at least one player on the field has blood visible to the crowd. The game is over but the atmosphere is still alive. Each team shakes hands as acts of sportsmanship Just like assessable players will do.However, unlike baseball the softball players enter a circle on the field by their dugouts. They are still chants being yelled, especially if the team wins. The celebration is not a meager baseball high five or a slap o n the backside as recognition. These girls are animated and their intensity is contagious. Challenge you to visit a local softball park and experience the true passion for the sport. Softball is similar is similar to baseball in many ways but more entertaining and crowd participation thus setting this sport above mostly all baseball games.

HMO versus Personality and Psychological Assessments Essay

HMO versus Personality and Psychological Assessments - Essay Example â€Å"gut feeling† to evaluate the state of mind or personality characteristics of another, objective personality tests increase the accuracy of a personality test, and decrease the bias of an observer and or tester, from confounding the results of the test. Studies consistently show that individual judgments are sensitive to error based on socio-cultural, biological, personal, environmental and other contextual influences. At an unconscious level, the human observer filters information (i.e., perceives it) though biases created through personal belief systems, values, attitudes, incomplete knowledge, and distractions in the environment (PAN, 2005). However, this does not imply that personality tests are able to take the place of the professional judgment of the therapist/analyst. The personality test is not usually completed in isolation to other measures to determine aspect of the personality, as well as other sources of information (e.g., personal interview, GP diagnosis, input from family and friends, other psychometric tests). Personality tests can be assured of their validity and reliability when they have been professionally designed, and scored and interpreted by individuals trained to do so. Though these measures, a professional therapist/analyst is able to draw informed conclusions in a holistic manner, about the whole person, at this point in time. With ensured high accuracy and consistency in scoring and outcomes, a fairer personality test allows an employer to increase the likelihood they will recruit personal who align with their job role, and the employer is better able to determine training needs, to proved the most appropriate form of training, and is able to evaluate the training methods as well as the hired and trained personal (PAN, 2005; Perry, 1992). This is the result of years, sometimes decades of empirical research testing and retesting the construction, reliability and validity of the test. A study by Vujanovic, Zvolensky, Bernstein,

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Reaction paper - Essay Example However, one is convinced that aside from the failure of academic institutions to integrate relevant modules or courses on this facet, people who are actual victims of domestic violence have strong apprehensions to report the incidents due to a variety of factors: could be personal reasons, fear to disclose the information since a loved one is involved, fear for retaliation, lack of information, resources, or knowledge of reporting, and out right denial. Thus, one seriously believes that in paper, the Safe Family Project which is based on the expounded logic model is perfectly designed; however, in the real life setting, the implementation process could be more challenging, as it seems. Yet, however daunting the tasks are, providing training for health care practitioners to address domestic violence is paramount. Overall, one affirms that the model could be slowly integrated as a regular training module for nurses in all health care settings to enable them to appropriately identify, assess, and apply the appropriate interventions needed, according to the patients’ or victims’ needs. One believes that the total success of the program lies with the complete support and participation of the victims of domestic violence, as well as members of the health care institutions, to provide education, counseling, patient care, monitoring, follow-ups, and effective use of resources to ensure that the violence that these patients have experienced would be ultimately

The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity Assignment

The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity - Assignment Example There were pros and cons to the process, however. They are expressed as strong and weak points of the process, positive and negative experiences as well as positive and negative feelings. The process was strong in that we all had great ideas to proffer to our project, but weak in that we had a difficult time discerning which ideas to implement. Furthermore, the positive experience was that we were able to bring it all together in the end. The negative experience was that often times some of the group was hearing the other members but not really listening to them. His elicited some negative feelings along the way. When waves off the opinions of others as unimportant, it creates feelings of opposition instead of cooperation. In the end, however, the completion of our project made everyone feel accomplished. These are some of the dualistic challenges one meets while working with others. We achieved our aims, but if I had another chance, I would like to change how we approached the recommendations. Nevertheless, I have obtained useful expertise from the project such as understanding how a major global enterprise has implemented innovation not only to survive but also to prevail in business.

Chapter 9 A and B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chapter 9 A and B - Essay Example However, there was a remarkable transformation after the 1960’s. For example, Japan turned its World War II defeat into a stepping stone for postwar economic success (East Asia 368). In the years that followed, Japan experienced economic growth that was above that of china. Consequently, it was considered an economic engine for the world and even rivaled the United States economy. On the other hand, after 1972 china started to experience economic success. This was after it opened doors for bilateral talks with the United States. Currently, East Asia act as the most active region in the global economy, it is changing the world in different ways. On the other hand, East Asia is mainly composed of mainland in terms of total land area. However, the role played by islands and its people in forging realms regional geography has been tremendous. This region has also been dominated by conflicts of water between the mainland and the islands (East Asia 369). In fact, the Japanese and Ch inese have been arguing over the ownership of islands in these waters. This is because of the vast oil deposits and the fishing grounds. Sometimes china is referred to as being East Asia. This is because it is the prominent country in this area in terms of population and has played a massive role in the world affairs (East Asia 369). However, there are other political entities in the East Asia. They include Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Mongolia, and Taiwan (East Asia 369). However, Taiwan is referred as part of china while North Korea is viewed as a failed state. China has been defined by the four famous rivers system. This is in together with their basins, valleys, deltas, and estuaries. However, the most notable are the Huang He. This makes a large loop around the Ordos Desert and then flows into Bohai Gulf, and the Yangzi River (East Asia 372). This river with its tributaries forms the source of water ideal for most of the activities in the capital of china. There is also Yan gzi River in the Chang Basin in china. These two rivers originate in the snowy mountains of the Qing-Hai-Xizang Plateau (East Asia 372). The other two rivers have a shorter distance. However, one of the rivers (Xi River) forms an estuary that acts as the greatest center for China globalization. Additionally, there is another river known as Liao. China, for a long time, has been controlled by dynasties. At these dynasties, China area continued to expand and at the same time decreasing. On the other hand, China had Qing Empire as the largest. However, the empire became weak at its final stage. This is because it was confronted by the imperial powers such as Europeans, Russians, and Japanese (East Asia 376). The collapse of China Empire paved way for the revolutionary China and charismatic leader named Sun Yat-sen led this (East Asia 377). The nationalistic blamed the authorities for China woes. Consequently, they attacked the emperor’s garrison all over China, and this resulted in the fall of Qing Dynasty (East Asia 378). This was followed by the formation of China Communist. Initially, the nationalist cooperated with the imperial authority. However, after Chiang Kai-shek rise to power, all the foreigners fled China. On the other hand, Japan has played a significant historical role in East Asia. Since the seventeen century, Japan policy was on isolation. In fact, contact with the outside world was of a limited nature. However, the Meiji Restoration dropped the policy. This regime

Pharmaceutical(Pill Mills) Industry Regulate and profitability Research Paper

Pharmaceutical(Pill Mills) Industry Regulate and profitability - Research Paper Example Due to their short business span in a given location, they have huge crowds waiting to see the doctor and they have body guards just in case of invasion. This is misuse of pharmaceutical industry which calls for immediate action to protect lives of citizens and health sector (Drugs Policy Alliance, 2007). Yes, the pharmaceutical industry is regulated. Secondly, the law requires a medical professional to write prescriptions if you want to move large amount of pain killers in America. There is also existence of Healthcare Distribution Management Association [HDMA] which controls the supply of narcotic substance. Finally, DEA’s power to suspend/revoke licenses of distributors in case of ethical malpractices acts as control measure (United States-Canada Regulatory Cooperation Council, 2011). DEA regulates the industry by formulating the policies to govern production, distribution and prescription of narcotic substances. Also HDMA in its management on distribution of health care products and combating drug abuse role. Food and Drugs Administration [FDA] is a regulator in that it supervises food safety, dietary supplements, prescriptions of over- the- counter medicines, blood transfusion and other medical and dietary specializations. As discussed above Pill Mills are not legitimate and their operations involve procurement of sub-standard drugs and supplements which are then prescribed to patients inappropriately. Law enforcement and implantation of drugs policy Acts make it hard for these businesses to transact. For instance, regulation of the amount of pain killers to be produced by DEA and monitoring of distribution channels by HDMA will affect their supply and establishment of their quack businesses. In addition, proper scrutiny of food and narcotic products by FDA makes it difficult for Pill Mills to establish their business (FDA’s International Post, 2010). Pill Mills are established with an immediate response to the common problems

Mixed Analysis -Environmental Impact of Aviation (Noise Pollution) Assignment

Mixed Analysis -Environmental Impact of Aviation (Noise Pollution) - Assignment Example In the opinion scaled used, zero will denote no annoyance or no health effects while ten will show completely annoyed or adverse health effect (Heise, 2010). Perceptions on effects of the noise on quality of life and attitude towards the noise will however be described from open-ended questions. 9. Procedure: Stratified random sampling will be used to sample participants. Residence and work location will be the bases for stratification. A sample of 115 participants, with at least 30 percent of participants from each stratum, will be used for the quantitative aspect. Twenty-three of the participants, 16 people living in the affected areas, and 7 people working in the affected areas will then be selected from the sample, for the qualitative aspects of the study. Questionnaires will be used to collect data on closed-ended questions while focus groups will be used to collect data on open-ended questions. The strata will form two focus groups. Rigor: Reliance on participants’ experiences and informed consent will ensure credibility and dependability of results and conclusion of the study. Incorporated quantitative approach and large sample size will induce reliability and validity to inform transferability of the results. 10. Data analysis: The researcher will use participants’ perspective to develop meaning from collected qualitative data and researcher’s rationale and background knowledge on the subject will help to bridge gaps within a participant’s responses. Regression analysis will however evaluate the quantitative aspects of the study 11. Consent: The study will target communities that are exposed to aircraft noise by virtue of living or working near the source of the noise. Each respondent will be informed of the scope of the study. Respondents’ consent will then be sought, in writing, by asking them if they can participate in the study. Obtaining informed

An analysis of entrepreneurial theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

An analysis of entrepreneurial theory - Essay Example Many new entrepreneurial firms fail as a result of entrepreneurs not fully understanding problems associated with their business models. It is rather commonplace for entrepreneurs to jump blindly into a new business model without properly planning that includes construction of a concise and well-developed business plan. A successful entrepreneurial venture must be considerate of the entire value chain, including marketing, human resources, technology, logistics and production in order to have a viable business model that can productively support the desired vision. Failure of the entrepreneurial venture occurs regularly as entrepreneurial leaders do not effectively measure the business’ holistic capabilities and capacities needed to service a market which leads to a lack of competitiveness in the firm’s competitive market. In order to properly service the external market effectively and profitably, it is critical to understand what constitutes the dynamic of the post-re cession markets and then attempt new strategies to align the entrepreneurial enterprise with these conditions and dynamics. As one example, the post-recession consumer is now more concerned about the ethical values and behaviours of the organisation. A study conducted by Oh and Yoon, utilizing a sample of 343 different consumers, identified that when an organization illustrates that it maintains altruistic values and activities, consumers maintain a more positive perception of this business over that of businesses without a promoted ethical stance.

Uses of Recycled Water in Horticulture Essay Example for Free

Uses of Recycled Water in Horticulture Essay There are numerous reasons of recycling, including cost saving, extended landfill span, resource conservation, energy conservation, economic development, pollution prevention and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years environmental benefits of recycling have become a major component of waste management programme. What is recycled water? Water recycling is a generic term for water reclamation and reuse, where the resulting water is referred to as recycled water. This term will be used throughout this document, but you might also   find a number of other terms used in the water industry. These include: †¢ Water reclamation †¢ Water recycling †¢ Water reuse †¢ Wastewater †¢ Sewage effluent †¢ Reclaimed water †¢ Grey water Water recycling can include: †¢ Recycling of wastewater from previous uses. This generally means the reclamation of water from domestic sewage effluent or municipal wastewater. These waters may be recycled from bathroom and laundry effluents (grey water), from the entire domestic sewage stream (black   water) or from municipal wastewater Recycling of water from agricultural and industry wastewater. Recycled water can be either or both of the above waters. Stormwater, greywater, rainwater and treated effluent are all alternative water supplies that, when treated as required, are suitable for a range of purposes. This can include irrigating grazing land and crops, in horticulture, industrial processing, in residential dual pipe schemes, and to keep our public and recreational spaces green. On this website, recycled water generally refers to fully treated effluent from sewage treatment plants. Recycled water is a valuable resource. It contributes to conservation of drinking quality water, improves the reliability of our water supplies, frees up water for the environment or growth, and reduces the amount of treated effluent discharged into our bays and oceans. What can recycled water be used for? Recycled water can be used for just about anything, as long as it is treated to a level to make it fit for the intended purpose, from a health and environmental perspective (Figure 3) . However, the cost of treatment may make reclamation uneconomical for some uses. Australia now has more than 580 different recycled water schemes operating, which use approximately 167 GL/year. The bulk of these schemes involve: †¢ Urban and municipal environments †¢ Households, golf courses and recreational parks. †¢ Industry †¢ Washing and cooling in power stations and mills. †¢ Agriculture †¢ Horticulture, forestry, pasture, flowers, viticulture and sugar cane. Other possible uses include: †¢ Fire fighting †¢ Groundwater recharge †¢ Municipal landscapes †¢ ‘Dual pipe’ urban uses †¢ Environmental flows and wetlands It is now also possible for advanced treatment technology to produce safe drinking (potable) water. In several countries wastewater is recycled for potable reuse via groundwater injection (e. g. Factory 21, Orange County, California, USA) or where it is added directly to surface   reservoirs (e. g. NeWater, Singapore). Such planned indirect or direct potable reuse is not currently practiced in Australia, although it is being considered by some councils with severe water shortages. Recycled water is already being used in a wide range of applications, including the irrigation of agriculture, parklands and golf courses. What is horticulture? Horticulture is the art, industry and science of plant cultivation. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, and plant physiology. The work particularly involves fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. Horticulturists work to improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. Etymology The word horticulture is a 17th century English adaptation of the Latin: hortus (garden) + cultura (culture)), it is the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulture as classically defined is the subdivision of agriculture dealing in gardening: in contrast to agronomy which deals with field crops and the production of grains and forage, and forestry which deals with forest trees and products related to them. How is recycled water defined? Recycled water is defined as water that has been treated to a fit for purpose standard for a specific application.